Digital Markets Act – Private Enforcement

The Digi­tal Mar­kets Act con­ta­ins regu­la­ti­ons for a Euro­pean approach to mar­ket regu­la­ti­on of digi­tal plat­forms. First of all, this includes the iden­ti­fi­ca­ti­on as a rele­vant gate­kee­per. Artt. 5 and 6 DMA‑E pro­hi­bit cer­tain prac­ti­ces. The pro­hi­bi­ti­ons and other pro­vi­si­ons of the regu­la­ti­on are to be direct­ly sub­ject to public enforce­ment. This also includes penal­ty regu­la­ti­ons. The regu­la­ti­on therefore…

Digital Markets Act — What are virtual assistants?

For some weeks now, the­re has been con­sidera­ble media inte­rest in so-cal­­led intel­li­gent chat­bots. Whe­ther the­se are real­ly intel­li­gent and whe­ther the term “arti­fi­ci­al intel­li­gence” is appro­pria­te at all is open to ques­ti­on. They impress with their access to trai­ning data and num­e­rous pos­si­bi­li­ties for auto­ma­ti­on. WHAT ARE PER­SO­NAL ASSISTANTS? But even that is not…

Digital Markets Act: Prohibition of Self-Preferencing in Ranking

The pro­hi­bi­ti­on of most-favou­­red-nati­on prac­ti­ces under Artic­le 5(3) of the DMA is a com­pe­ti­ti­ve prac­ti­ce that rest­ricts the free­dom of action of com­mer­cial cus­to­mers out­side the plat­form. Howe­ver, most-favou­­red-nati­on tre­at­ment is not to be con­fu­sed with self-pre­­fe­­ren­­ti­al tre­at­ment, which is the sub­ject of this artic­le today. For the sake of cla­ri­ty, here is the full text of…